In response, a cell will either repair the gene, die, or retain the mutation. In theory, ionizing radiation can deposit molecular-bond-breaking energy, which can damage DNA, thus altering genes. Mutations can occur spontaneously, but a mutagen like radiation increases the likelihood of a mutation taking place.
Though exposure to radiation can cause acute, near-immediate effect by killing cells and directly damaging tissue, radiation can also have effects that happen on longer scale, such as cancer, by causing mutations in the DNA of living cells. While these numbers represent imprecise estimates-due to the fact that it is unknown how many forced laborers and military personnel were present in the city and that in many cases entire families were killed, leaving no one to report the deaths-statistics regarding the long term effects have been even more difficult to determine. organization) that between 90,000 and 166,000 people died in Hiroshima, while another 60,000 to 80,000 died in Nagasaki. These deaths include those who died due to the force and excruciating heat of the explosions as well as deaths caused by acute radiation exposure.
Within the first few months after the bombing, it is estimated by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (a cooperative Japan-U.S.
